In the present work the effect of diverse volume percentages of silicon-carbide particles as well as affecting parameters on particle wetting by molten matrix in an Al-SiC(p) composite were investigated. Wear behavior of the specimens was taken into account as criteria for the effectiveness of the variable parameters. Several specimens were prepared from the A356 alloy as the composite matrix by stir casting system and the effects of the addition of magnesium to the melt as well as those of the heat treatment of SiC particles on particle wetting were studied. All specimens experienced the pin-on-disk Wear test for comparison. The results showed that the addition of magnesium to the molten matrix improved Wear properties by 28 folds compared to that of the raw (none-composite) A356 specimen. The highest Wear resistance was attained for the specimens with simultaneous addition of magnesium and heat-treated particles.

Previous studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality Wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten carbide. One of the methods of coating is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) Process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of the coatings and also by examining SEM images from the lateral surface of the coated sample, the thickness and quality of the coating were examined. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the formed phases before and after the coating Process and the results of the presence of WC and W6C2. 54 carbides were confirmed. The Wear test results showed that coated samples demonstrated higher Wear resistance than the sample without coating (control). Meanwhile, the sample with spraying pressure of 7. 2 Bar and a feeding powder rate of 72 g/min (W2) exhibited the best Wear resistance among other coatings due to the more uniform distribution of tungsten carbide (WC) and less porosity. As a result, it was obtained that the spraying pressure in the Process of HVOF Process was more effective than the feeding rate of coating powders and a sample with the spray pressure of 7. 2 Bar and powders feeding rate of 72 g/min (W2) was introduced as the optimal sample among all coatings with the highest abrasion Wear resistance.

LM13 alloy is widely used for piston production due to its low thermal expansion coefficient, high fluidity and good hot tear resistance. Optimization of production Process and heat treatment are two effective factors in improvement of produced piston properties. In this research effect of change of casting Process from gravity casting to squeeze casting on Wear behavior of LM13 alloy was investigated. First the samples were cast using the two casting Processes and heat treated. Then Wear behavior of the alloy in two states of squeeze and gravity casting under dry sliding condition was examined and compared.Results of hardness and strength tests indicate that squeeze cast specimens have higher mechanical properties. The Wear experiment results show that in both squeeze and gravity cast specimens, the amount of weight loss increases as the sliding distance increase, but the Wear rate and the friction coefficient reduces. Comparing the properties of the two samples indicate that squeeze sample has better tribological behavior. Change of production Process causes a decrease in friction coefficient from 0.4 to 0.2 for squeeze cast samples and also decreases the weight loss of the samples. Furthermore squeeze cast samples have better surface quality. In squeeze cast samples, abrasive, adhesive and delamination and in gravity cast samples, abrasive, adhesive and surface fatigue were recognized as the dominant Wear mechanisms.

In this study, electrical discharge Process was used to increase surface Wear resistance of pure aluminum. Pulse-on-time and pulse current were considered as the input parameters of the electrical discharge Process. Experimental results revealed that the electrical discharge Process is a successful method for improving the surface Wear resistance of aluminum, to the effect that it has greatly increased the surface Wear resistance of aluminum parts. The results indicate that with increasing the input parameters (pulse-on-time and pulse current), weight loss of the aluminum specimens is reduced and Wear resistance increases. The XRD analysis demonstrated that Al3Ni2 and AlCu intermetallic compound and Al4C3 were formed on the alloyed surface. The presence of these compounds and hard particles on the surface increases the Wear resistance. Also, friction coefficient measurements showed that after electrical discharge Process and improving surface Wear resistance, the friction coefficient slightly increased due to the presence of hard particles on the alloyed surface.

in this research, the dry sliding Wear behaviour of the Mg-TiO2 nanocomposite is analyzed by conducting a Wear test using a pin-on-disc Wear testing machine under normal atmospheric conditions. The Process parameters considered during the test are the weight fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles, normal load, and sliding speed. The sliding distance and Wear track diameter are maintained constant at 1500 m and 90 mm respectively during the test. The performance measures are cumulative Wear and coefficient of friction. Taguchi-based Grey relational analysis is employed in this study to optimize the performance of the Wear behaviour of the nanocomposite. The design of experiments considered in this study is L9 orthogonal array with each Process parameter for three levels. Grey relational grade (GRG) is computed for each experiment and it was found that the maximum GRG of 0. 825 is obtained for the Process parameter combination A3B2C1 which corresponds to 5wt% TiO2, 1 kg normal load and 1. 5 m/s sliding speed respectively. The initial GRG estimated is compared with the predicted and experimental values for the optimum Process parameters and it was found that there is an improvement in GRG by 2. 2% and 0. 77% respectively. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is carried out to estimate the Process parameter that influences the Wear behaviour of the nanocomposite significantly and later concluded that the Process parameter normal load is the most significant factor other than any other factors.

In this research, Al-Ni particle composite strips are formed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) Process using Al strips and Ni powder. The rule of ARB cycles and volume percentage (Vol%) of Ni powder on the microstructure, Wear resistance and mechanical properties of the formed composites are investigated. According to the tensile test results, the yield stress and tensile strengths of the Al -Ni (p) composites tend to increase with rising of the ARB cycles. Ductility of the ARB samples significantly decreased in the first cycle of the ARB Process and then elevated lightly from the second pass of the ARB. Furthermore, the yield stress and tensile strengths of the Al - Ni (p) composites with different vol% of Ni powder, increased with increasing the amount of Ni Powder. Also the hardness and Wear resistance of produced composites were investigated. Micro hardness and Wear resistance of these composites increased with increasing the number of ARB cycles and the amount of Ni particles content during ARB Process.

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative Process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

The use of metal-based composite materials, especially aluminum composites, has found wide applications in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, military, etc., due to their favorable mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratio, and high Wear resistance and hardness. On the other hand, these mechanical properties and high hardness and Wear resistance, which is due to the presence of reinforcing particles such as silicon carbide in these composites, makes them difficult to machine, so that only special tools and blades, such as polycrystalline diamond tools, can machine these composites optimally. The findings from this study can be valuable in optimizing the turning Process of aluminum-based metal matrix composites.In this study, the effects of four input parameters - cutting speed, feed rate, feed force in the X direction, and feed force in the Z direction - on the output parameter of tool Wear rate in the dry turning Process of A359 aluminum alloy metal matrix composite reinforced with 20 vol.% of silicon carbide particles using polycrystalline diamond tools were investigated.The numerical investigation of the effect of each of the four input parameters on the output parameter was done using the E-fast statistical sensitivity analysis method, which has high speed in quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the parameters of feed force in X direction, feed rate, feed force in Z direction, and cutting speed have 88%, 8%, 3%, and 1% effect on tool Wear, respectively.

The monitoring of tool Wear is one of the important methods to improve the dimensional accuracy and economic aspects of machining. To achieve this, instead of measuring the tool Wear, other parameters, which are related to tool Wear, are used. In this paper, an intelligent system, based on neural networks, is presented by this method; the tool Wear is estimated online with measuring spindle motor parameters, such as current and the speed of motor. Thus, the current and the speed of motor in different condition of machining (feed, depth of cut and rpm of tool) and Wear were measured with practical experiments and the effects of tool Wear on current and speed of motor is analyzed. Based on the results, a back propagation (BP) neural network is developed and trained. Using this network, the tool Wear could be estimated while machining in different conditions, measuring current and speed of motor. This system could be used to control and monitor the machining Process.